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US News & World Report: Boston School violence: Turning point in busing?.
US News & World Report: Boston School violence: Turning point in busing?.
US News & World Report
US News & World Report
Boston School violence: Turning point in busing?
Boston School violence: Turning point in busing?
Article from the US News & World Report in regards to Boston school violence and the busing crisis.
U.S. News & World Report, inc.
U.S. News & World Report, inc.
Publisher
Publisher
articles
1974-10-28
1974-10-28
African American students
Massachusetts
Boston
Busing for school integration
Massachusetts
Boston
Children
Services for
Massachusetts
Boston
Demonstrations
Massachusetts
Boston
Education
Social aspects
United States
History
Race relations
Segregation in education
Massachusetts
Boston
African American students
Massachusetts
Boston
Busing for school integration
Massachusetts
Boston
Children
Services for
Massachusetts
Boston
Demonstrations
Massachusetts
Boston
Education
Social aspects
United States
History
Race relations
Segregation in education
Massachusetts
Boston
Boston Public Schools
Boston (Mass.). Police Department
Boston Public Schools
Boston Public Schools
Boston (Mass.).
Police Department
Boston Public Schools
Boston (Mass.). Police Department
Boston (Mass.).
Police Department
http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20235348
http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20235348
African American students
Massachusetts
Boston
Busing for school integration
Massachusetts
Boston
Children
Services for
Massachusetts
Boston
Demonstrations
Massachusetts
Boston
Education
Social aspects
United States
History
Race relations
Segregation in education
Massachusetts
Boston
US News & World Report
US News & World Report: Boston School violence: Turning point in busing?
Freedom House, Inc. records (M16)
Programs
US News & World Report: Boston School violence: Turning point in busing?.
us news amp world report boston school violence turning point in busing
1974/10/28
US News & World Report
1974-10-28
African American students Massachusetts Boston
Busing for school integration Massachusetts Boston
Children Services for Massachusetts Boston
Demonstrations Massachusetts Boston
Education Social aspects United States History
Race relations
Segregation in education Massachusetts Boston
Boston Public Schools
Boston (Mass.). Police Department
U.S. News & World Report, inc.
U.S. News & World Report, Inc.
info:fedora/afmodel:CoreFile
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6 0 CENTs . ocroaE 74 R 28, 19 FORD'S ORY OF WN ST RDON O ON PA NIX Busing? oint in urning P T TRO'S ": CAS UBA NEW C ess Report . " Eyewitn �BOSTON SCHOOL VIOLENCE Turning Point in Busing? Children going to integrated schools in Boston. Some get not only bus rides but police escorts. BOSTON Here in Boston, the cradle of many American liberties, a key battle is being fought over the issue of busing schoolchildren for racial integration. It is part of the war that the South fought and lost in the 1960s, after federal troops were thrown into action. Boston has been boiling since September 12, when school authorities began busing more than 18,000 students under orders of a federal court. Resistance to the integration program has divided the city and resulted in more than 100 injuries to blacks and whites and at least 160 arrests. Now the issue has been forced to a point where 450 members of the Massachusetts National Guard are on standby duty in Boston, 24 hours a day, and units of the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, N.C., were put temporarily UPI Gov. Francis W. Sargent, in suddenly calling out National Guard, said, "I would be irresponsible if I didn't act." 22 A lot depends on which side wins the "Battle of Boston." Outcome will affect school integration and busing-especially in the North and West. on alert. Orders to the Army troops were described by the Defense Department as "purely precautionary," and the alert was canceled two days later. Nearly 500 State policemen and riottrained officers of the Metropolitan District Commission already are in Boston, helping local authorities to maintain order. They moved in on October 10. "Implications . .. clear." Whichever way the Boston battle goes, the outcome is expected to have a significant effect on forced-busing programs in other cities of the North and West. Warned Deputy Mayor Robert Kiley, a former CIA man who is in charge of public safety here: "The implications for the rest of the nation are clear. Boston is the battlefield now, but unless we settle this thing successfully, New York, Philadelphia and all those other Northern cities may be in Wide WORLD Mayor Kevin H. White, objecting, said the Guard "may well be an inept, undisciplined or undertrained militia." for even more trouble in the future than we're having now." Supporters of the Boston busing plan hope that strong enforcement measures here, where white ethnic feelings are unusually intense, will bring other cities into line, just as the South's "massive resistance" crumbled after target schools in that area were integrated a decade ago. But opponents of busing for school integration vowed to continue their resistance, and more trouble may be lying ahead. Antibusing forces were encouraged in their fight by a growing trend across the United States to moderate programs for the transportation of children out of their neighborhoods in order to mix the races in classrooms. Moves in Congress. Late in July, Congress passed legislation that prohibits busing beyond the next-nearest school but permits courts to ignore this ban if they find that constitutional rights of children are being violated. The law is not retroactive, however, and does not apply to the Boston busing order, which was issued by U. S. District Judge W. Arthur Garrity, Jr., in June. In the next Congress, busing foes are expected to try to reopen earlier court orders on busing and to limit the large degree of judicial discretion still allowed in such cases. About the same time that Congress was legislating on busing last summer, the Supreme Court overturned a lowercourt decision that would have required crossbusing of an estimated 78,000 children between the Detroit city-school system and 53 suburban school districts. President Ford, while calling the violence in Boston "unfortunate," has stated he does not think Judge Garrity's order is "the best solution to quality education in Boston." On October 16, Caspar Weinberger, U. S. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, cautioned that Boston's resistance tends to "negate whatever educa· U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT, Oct. 28, 1974 �tional benefits" might be gained from integration. "The people of Boston," he said, "must develop a willingness to solve the problems themselves." This willingness to compromise may be a long time in coming. Sociologists point out that whites in Boston and other Northern cities lack the daily, though limited, contact with Negroes that has helped to increase racial harmony in the South. Observed U. S. Senator Sam J. Ervin, a North Carolina Democrat: "All the people in Boston who have been wringing their hands over the intransigence of the South . . . now find they don't like Mayor Kevin H. White had not asked for Guardsmen and was pictured as "furious" about their mobilization. Citing what he called "ill-advised and reckless actions" by Guardsmen in previoqs civil disturbances, he said the Massachusetts units "may well be an inept, undisciplined or undertrained militia." Declared the mayor: "We cannot allow this city to become another Detroit, where it took dozens of civilian deaths at the hands of police and National Guardsmen to bring in federal troops and restore order.. "We cannot permit Roxbury to become another Watts. We must not allow Mounted police stand guard outside Hyde Park High School, where eight students and a t eacher were injured in racial fighting October 15. School had to be closed for the day. [integration] any more than Little Rock did." Sudden decision. The move by Massachusetts Governor Francis W. Sargent to mobilize three companies of the National Guard came suddenly on October 15. It followed the stabbing of a white student at Hyde Park High School and injuries to seven other students and a teacher there. At the same time, the Governor asked for federal troops. Although the airborne units at Fort Bragg were alerted and began practicing riot maneuvers, the White House repeated its stand that federal troops would not be sent to Boston until all State and local forces had been deployed, and unless the situation was still out of control. Governor Sargent said he based his actions on FBI reports "that we have an extremely volatile situation that could blow up at any moment." He added: "The hatred is out there. I would be irresponsible ifl didn't act." U. S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT. Oct. 28. 1974 South Boston High to become another Kent State." Roxbury is a Negro section of Boston. Watts is a Negro district in Los Angeles where 34 persons were killed in rioting in 1965. Kent State is an Ohio university where four students were killed in a confrontation with the National Guard in 1970. Mayor White said federal troops should be sent into Boston immediately. If President Ford should order them to intervene, it would be the first time in 11 years that the U. S. Army has been used in a school-integration crisis. The Army was used for the first time by President Eisenhower to enforce court-ordered desegregation in Little Rock, Ark. That was in 1957. Federal troops were called in again by President Kennedy during university integration flareups in 1962 and 1963 in Mississippi and Alabama. Some of the supporters of Mayor White, who is a Democrat, called the mobilization of the Guard a political maneuver by Governor Sargent, a Republican, in his hard fight for re-election next month. It was the first time the Guard has been brought into Boston since the police strike there in 1919. Despite the mayor's protest, Maj. Gen. Vahan Vartanian, adjutant general of Massachusetts, said that the three companies would remain in the city as long as needed. Governor Sargent said that he would not hesitate to put them on the street if the situation got worse. But he said that they would not be issued live ammunition without his approval. According to Guard officers, the military-police units initially will be equipped with billy clubs, riot helmets, armored vests and handcuffs. Comparative calm. Rain and the Guard presence kept the city comparatively quiet in the school week that ended on October 18. Attendance at integrated schools, at one time down by more than 65 per cent, was improving late in the week, although tension remained high among students and parents of both races. Governor Sargent and Judge Garrity joined in warning Bostonians not to hope that further violence and disruption would weaken the federal resolve to integrate the public schools. One sign of the resolve was the arrest of two white men by FBI agents on October 16. These arrests were the first federal law-enforcement actions taken in connection with the busing order. The busing that has caused so much trouble in Boston is only Phase 1 of the integration program ordered by Judge Garrity. Phase 2 is to start next September and could extend busing through the city. Mayor White has declared he will not co-operate in implementing Phase 2 unless he gets federal guarantees of lawenforcement help and financial aid. Now Phase 2 is being re-examined. Judge Garrity has told school officials that he might consider proposals to exempt some of the more isolated white neighborhoods. Lawyers for the city suggested that the desegregation burden might be shared by the mostly white suburbs, which have been accused of pressuring for integration in the inner city but not in their neighborhoods. In the light of the Supreme Court's decision, however, Judge Garrity saw little prospect of drawing suburbs into the plan. That bolstered the view now being accepted by most Bostonians: The problem is one for the city itself to solve. Other cities are watching to see what happens. [END] 23 �
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US News & World Report: Boston School violence: Turning point in busing?.
US News & World Report: Boston School violence: Turning point in busing?.
US News & World Report
US News & World Report
Boston School violence: Turning point in busing?
Boston School violence: Turning point in busing?
Article from the US News & World Report in regards to Boston school violence and the busing crisis.
U.S. News & World Report, inc.
U.S. News & World Report, inc.
Publisher
Publisher
articles
1974-10-28
1974-10-28
African American students
Massachusetts
Boston
Busing for school integration
Massachusetts
Boston
Children
Services for
Massachusetts
Boston
Demonstrations
Massachusetts
Boston
Education
Social aspects
United States
History
Race relations
Segregation in education
Massachusetts
Boston
African American students
Massachusetts
Boston
Busing for school integration
Massachusetts
Boston
Children
Services for
Massachusetts
Boston
Demonstrations
Massachusetts
Boston
Education
Social aspects
United States
History
Race relations
Segregation in education
Massachusetts
Boston
Boston Public Schools
Boston (Mass.). Police Department
Boston Public Schools
Boston Public Schools
Boston (Mass.).
Police Department
Boston Public Schools
Boston (Mass.). Police Department
Boston (Mass.).
Police Department
http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20235348
http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20235348
African American students
Massachusetts
Boston
Busing for school integration
Massachusetts
Boston
Children
Services for
Massachusetts
Boston
Demonstrations
Massachusetts
Boston
Education
Social aspects
United States
History
Race relations
Segregation in education
Massachusetts
Boston
US News & World Report
US News & World Report: Boston School violence: Turning point in busing?
Freedom House, Inc. records (M16)
Programs
US News & World Report: Boston School violence: Turning point in busing?.
us news amp world report boston school violence turning point in busing
1974/10/28
US News & World Report
1974-10-28
African American students Massachusetts Boston
Busing for school integration Massachusetts Boston
Children Services for Massachusetts Boston
Demonstrations Massachusetts Boston
Education Social aspects United States History
Race relations
Segregation in education Massachusetts Boston
Boston Public Schools
Boston (Mass.). Police Department
U.S. News & World Report, inc.
U.S. News & World Report, Inc.
info:fedora/afmodel:CoreFile
info:fedora/neu:gm80jm842
6 0 CENTs . ocroaE 74 R 28, 19 FORD'S ORY OF WN ST RDON O ON PA NIX Busing? oint in urning P T TRO'S ": CAS UBA NEW C ess Report . " Eyewitn �BOSTON SCHOOL VIOLENCE Turning Point in Busing? Children going to integrated schools in Boston. Some get not only bus rides but police escorts. BOSTON Here in Boston, the cradle of many American liberties, a key battle is being fought over the issue of busing schoolchildren for racial integration. It is part of the war that the South fought and lost in the 1960s, after federal troops were thrown into action. Boston has been boiling since September 12, when school authorities began busing more than 18,000 students under orders of a federal court. Resistance to the integration program has divided the city and resulted in more than 100 injuries to blacks and whites and at least 160 arrests. Now the issue has been forced to a point where 450 members of the Massachusetts National Guard are on standby duty in Boston, 24 hours a day, and units of the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, N.C., were put temporarily UPI Gov. Francis W. Sargent, in suddenly calling out National Guard, said, "I would be irresponsible if I didn't act." 22 A lot depends on which side wins the "Battle of Boston." Outcome will affect school integration and busing-especially in the North and West. on alert. Orders to the Army troops were described by the Defense Department as "purely precautionary," and the alert was canceled two days later. Nearly 500 State policemen and riottrained officers of the Metropolitan District Commission already are in Boston, helping local authorities to maintain order. They moved in on October 10. "Implications . .. clear." Whichever way the Boston battle goes, the outcome is expected to have a significant effect on forced-busing programs in other cities of the North and West. Warned Deputy Mayor Robert Kiley, a former CIA man who is in charge of public safety here: "The implications for the rest of the nation are clear. Boston is the battlefield now, but unless we settle this thing successfully, New York, Philadelphia and all those other Northern cities may be in Wide WORLD Mayor Kevin H. White, objecting, said the Guard "may well be an inept, undisciplined or undertrained militia." for even more trouble in the future than we're having now." Supporters of the Boston busing plan hope that strong enforcement measures here, where white ethnic feelings are unusually intense, will bring other cities into line, just as the South's "massive resistance" crumbled after target schools in that area were integrated a decade ago. But opponents of busing for school integration vowed to continue their resistance, and more trouble may be lying ahead. Antibusing forces were encouraged in their fight by a growing trend across the United States to moderate programs for the transportation of children out of their neighborhoods in order to mix the races in classrooms. Moves in Congress. Late in July, Congress passed legislation that prohibits busing beyond the next-nearest school but permits courts to ignore this ban if they find that constitutional rights of children are being violated. The law is not retroactive, however, and does not apply to the Boston busing order, which was issued by U. S. District Judge W. Arthur Garrity, Jr., in June. In the next Congress, busing foes are expected to try to reopen earlier court orders on busing and to limit the large degree of judicial discretion still allowed in such cases. About the same time that Congress was legislating on busing last summer, the Supreme Court overturned a lowercourt decision that would have required crossbusing of an estimated 78,000 children between the Detroit city-school system and 53 suburban school districts. President Ford, while calling the violence in Boston "unfortunate," has stated he does not think Judge Garrity's order is "the best solution to quality education in Boston." On October 16, Caspar Weinberger, U. S. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, cautioned that Boston's resistance tends to "negate whatever educa· U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT, Oct. 28, 1974 �tional benefits" might be gained from integration. "The people of Boston," he said, "must develop a willingness to solve the problems themselves." This willingness to compromise may be a long time in coming. Sociologists point out that whites in Boston and other Northern cities lack the daily, though limited, contact with Negroes that has helped to increase racial harmony in the South. Observed U. S. Senator Sam J. Ervin, a North Carolina Democrat: "All the people in Boston who have been wringing their hands over the intransigence of the South . . . now find they don't like Mayor Kevin H. White had not asked for Guardsmen and was pictured as "furious" about their mobilization. Citing what he called "ill-advised and reckless actions" by Guardsmen in previoqs civil disturbances, he said the Massachusetts units "may well be an inept, undisciplined or undertrained militia." Declared the mayor: "We cannot allow this city to become another Detroit, where it took dozens of civilian deaths at the hands of police and National Guardsmen to bring in federal troops and restore order.. "We cannot permit Roxbury to become another Watts. We must not allow Mounted police stand guard outside Hyde Park High School, where eight students and a t eacher were injured in racial fighting October 15. School had to be closed for the day. [integration] any more than Little Rock did." Sudden decision. The move by Massachusetts Governor Francis W. Sargent to mobilize three companies of the National Guard came suddenly on October 15. It followed the stabbing of a white student at Hyde Park High School and injuries to seven other students and a teacher there. At the same time, the Governor asked for federal troops. Although the airborne units at Fort Bragg were alerted and began practicing riot maneuvers, the White House repeated its stand that federal troops would not be sent to Boston until all State and local forces had been deployed, and unless the situation was still out of control. Governor Sargent said he based his actions on FBI reports "that we have an extremely volatile situation that could blow up at any moment." He added: "The hatred is out there. I would be irresponsible ifl didn't act." U. S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT. Oct. 28. 1974 South Boston High to become another Kent State." Roxbury is a Negro section of Boston. Watts is a Negro district in Los Angeles where 34 persons were killed in rioting in 1965. Kent State is an Ohio university where four students were killed in a confrontation with the National Guard in 1970. Mayor White said federal troops should be sent into Boston immediately. If President Ford should order them to intervene, it would be the first time in 11 years that the U. S. Army has been used in a school-integration crisis. The Army was used for the first time by President Eisenhower to enforce court-ordered desegregation in Little Rock, Ark. That was in 1957. Federal troops were called in again by President Kennedy during university integration flareups in 1962 and 1963 in Mississippi and Alabama. Some of the supporters of Mayor White, who is a Democrat, called the mobilization of the Guard a political maneuver by Governor Sargent, a Republican, in his hard fight for re-election next month. It was the first time the Guard has been brought into Boston since the police strike there in 1919. Despite the mayor's protest, Maj. Gen. Vahan Vartanian, adjutant general of Massachusetts, said that the three companies would remain in the city as long as needed. Governor Sargent said that he would not hesitate to put them on the street if the situation got worse. But he said that they would not be issued live ammunition without his approval. According to Guard officers, the military-police units initially will be equipped with billy clubs, riot helmets, armored vests and handcuffs. Comparative calm. Rain and the Guard presence kept the city comparatively quiet in the school week that ended on October 18. Attendance at integrated schools, at one time down by more than 65 per cent, was improving late in the week, although tension remained high among students and parents of both races. Governor Sargent and Judge Garrity joined in warning Bostonians not to hope that further violence and disruption would weaken the federal resolve to integrate the public schools. One sign of the resolve was the arrest of two white men by FBI agents on October 16. These arrests were the first federal law-enforcement actions taken in connection with the busing order. The busing that has caused so much trouble in Boston is only Phase 1 of the integration program ordered by Judge Garrity. Phase 2 is to start next September and could extend busing through the city. Mayor White has declared he will not co-operate in implementing Phase 2 unless he gets federal guarantees of lawenforcement help and financial aid. Now Phase 2 is being re-examined. Judge Garrity has told school officials that he might consider proposals to exempt some of the more isolated white neighborhoods. Lawyers for the city suggested that the desegregation burden might be shared by the mostly white suburbs, which have been accused of pressuring for integration in the inner city but not in their neighborhoods. In the light of the Supreme Court's decision, however, Judge Garrity saw little prospect of drawing suburbs into the plan. That bolstered the view now being accepted by most Bostonians: The problem is one for the city itself to solve. Other cities are watching to see what happens. [END] 23 �
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Police at school.
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Boston
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United States
History
Race relations
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Boston
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Boston (Mass.). Police Department
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Boston Public Schools
Boston (Mass.).
Police Department
Boston Public Schools
Boston (Mass.). Police Department
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police at school
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United States
History
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Boston Public Schools
Boston (Mass.). Police Department
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Police Department
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Busing for school integration
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